2 posts tagged with "serverless"

If you’ve ever deployed a website or managed infrastructure at scale, you’ve probably heard of Cloudflare. Most folks think of it as just a CDN with DDoS protection. But dig a little deeper, and you’ll find it’s evolving into a full-blown edge platform: part DNS provider, part firewall, part serverless compute engine, and even a zero-trust network.

Let’s break down what Cloudflare really offers and how you can get the most out of it.

CDN Alternatives, DNS & DDoS Protection#

Cloudflare started as a reverse proxy and CDN combo. It now caches your static assets in 300+ data centers globally, which drastically reduces latency and protects your origin server. Learn more about Cloudflare CDN

It also has DDoS protection built-in, handling both Layer 3/4 and Layer 7 attacks automatically — all at no extra cost. That’s huge compared to setting this up with AWS Shield or a WAF. Compare with AWS Shield

And let’s not forget DNS. Their public resolver, 1.1.1.1, is among the fastest. For domain hosting, Cloudflare DNS is blazing fast and comes with DNSSEC and other enterprise-level features — again, free. Explore 1.1.1.1 DNS

WAF, Bot Protection & Rate Limiting#

Cloudflare’s Web Application Firewall (WAF) is developer-friendly and integrates nicely with modern CI/CD pipelines. You can write custom firewall rules using their UI or even Terraform. Cloudflare WAF Documentation

Need to throttle abusive IPs or stop credential-stuffing bots? Cloudflare offers precise control. For example:

It’s not just a firewall — it’s programmable security.

Serverless Edge Compute with Workers & Durable Objects#

Here’s where things get spicy. Cloudflare Workers let you run JavaScript or TypeScript functions directly at the edge. No need for centralized cloud regions. That means lower latency and zero cold starts.

Use cases include:

• Lightweight APIs
• JWT-based authentication
• A/B testing and personalization
• Edge-rendered SSR apps like Next.js

It’s like AWS Lambda but faster and more lightweight. Plus, with Durable Objects and Workers KV, you can manage global state effortlessly. Get started with Cloudflare Workers

Zero Trust Networking Without VPNs#

Cloudflare Zero Trust (formerly Access + Gateway) lets you secure internal apps without a VPN.

You get:

• SSO via Google Workspace or GitHub
• Device posture checks
• Real-time activity logs

With Cloudflare Tunnel (Argo Tunnel), you can expose internal apps securely without public IPs. It’s perfect for remote teams or CI/CD pipelines.

S3-Compatible R2 Storage with No Egress Fees#

R2 is Cloudflare’s answer to S3, but without the painful egress fees. It’s fully S3-compatible, making it ideal for hosting media, static assets, or backups.

Imagine: you upload images to R2, process them with Workers, and boom — serverless image hosting with no Lambda, no VPC headaches.

DevOps Observability with Logpush & GraphQL#

Cloudflare provides rich analytics: traffic stats, threat maps, and origin logs. Need to ship logs to S3 or a SIEM? Use Logpush.

Want custom dashboards? You can query logs with GraphQL.

GitOps, CI/CD & Infrastructure as Code with Cloudflare#

Cloudflare plays well with modern DevOps. Using their Terraform provider, you can manage WAF rules, DNS, Workers, and more as code.

For CI/CD, use Cloudflare Pages for JAMstack sites or deploy Workers using GitHub Actions:

Simple, clean, and version-controlled.

Final Thoughts: The Edge OS Is Here#

Whether you’re spinning up a personal site or managing infrastructure for an enterprise, Cloudflare likely has a tool to make your life easier.

From firewalls and serverless compute to object storage and DNS, it’s rapidly becoming an operating system for the internet edge — and a lot of it is free.

If you’re still just using it to hide your origin IP and enable HTTPS, it’s time to go deeper.

From one-click deployments to full-scale orchestration, Nife offers powerful, globally accessible solutions tailored for modern application lifecycle management — explore all our solutions and accelerate your cloud journey.

Unlock the full potential of your infrastructure with OIKOS by Nife — explore features designed to simplify orchestration, boost performance, and drive automation.

DynamoDB Streams and AWS Lambda can be integrated to create effective serverless apps that react to changes in your DynamoDB tables automatically. Developers frequently run into problems with this integration when the Lambda function is not called as intended. We'll go over how to troubleshoot and fix scenarios where your DynamoDB Stream isn't triggering your Lambda function in this blog article.

What Is DynamoDB Streams?#

Data changes in your DynamoDB table are captured by DynamoDB Streams, which enables you to react to them using a Lambda function. Every change (like INSERT, UPDATE, or REMOVE) starts the Lambda function, which can then analyze the stream records to carry out other functions like data indexing, alerts, or synchronization with other services. Nevertheless, DynamoDB streams occasionally neglect to call the Lambda function, which results in the modifications going unprocessed. Now let's explore the troubleshooting procedures for this problem.

1. Ensure DynamoDB Streams Are Enabled#

Making sure DynamoDB Streams are enabled for your table is the first step. The Lambda function won't get any events if streams aren't enabled. Open the Management Console for AWS. Go to Your Table > DynamoDB > Tables > Exports and Streams. Make sure DynamoDB Streams is enabled and configured to include NEW_IMAGE at the very least. Note: What data is recorded depends on the type of stream view. Make sure your view type is NEW_IMAGE or NEW_AND_OLD_IMAGES for a typical INSERT operation.

2. Check Lambda Trigger Configuration#

A common reason for Lambda functions not being invoked by DynamoDB is an improperly configured trigger. Open the AWS Lambda console. Select your Lambda function and navigate to Configuration > Triggers. Make sure your DynamoDB table's stream is listed as a trigger. If it's not listed, you'll need to add it manually: Click on Add Trigger, select DynamoDB, and then configure the stream from the dropdown. This associates your DynamoDB stream with your Lambda function, ensuring events are sent to the function when table items change.

3. Examine Lambda Function Permissions#

To read from the DynamoDB stream, your Lambda function needs certain permissions. It won't be able to use the records if it doesn't have the required IAM policies.

Ensure your Lambda function's IAM role includes these permissions:

Lambda can read and process records from the DynamoDB stream thanks to these actions.

4. Check for CloudWatch Logs#

Lambda logs detailed information about its invocations and errors in AWS CloudWatch. To check if the function is being invoked (even if it's failing):

1. Navigate to the CloudWatch console.
2. Go to Logs and search for your Lambda function's log group (usually named /aws/lambda/<function-name>).
3. Look for any logs related to your Lambda function to identify issues or verify that it's not being invoked at all.

Note: If the function is not being invoked, there might be an issue with the trigger or stream configuration.

5. Test with Manual Insertions#

Use the AWS console to manually add an item to your DynamoDB table to see if your setup is functioning: Click Explore table items under DynamoDB > Tables > Your Table. After filling out the required data, click Create item and then Save. Your Lambda function should be triggered by this. After that, verify that the function received the event by looking at your Lambda logs in CloudWatch.

6. Verify Event Structure#

Your Lambda function's handling of the incoming event data may be the problem if it is being called but failing. Make that the code in your Lambda function is handling the event appropriately. An example event payload that Lambda gets from a DynamoDB stream is as follows:

Make sure this structure is handled correctly by your Lambda function. Your function won't process the event as intended if the NewImage or Keys section is absent from your code or if the data format is off. Lambda code example Here is a basic illustration of how to use your Lambda function to handle a DynamoDB stream event:

7. Check AWS Region and Limits#

Make sure the Lambda function and your DynamoDB table are located in the same AWS region. The stream won't activate the Lambda function if they are in different geographical locations. Check the AWS service restrictions as well: Lambda concurrency: Make that the concurrency limit isn't being reached by your function. Throughput supplied by DynamoDB: Your Lambda triggers may be missed or delayed if your DynamoDB table has more read/write capacity than is allocated.

8. Retry Behavior#

There is an inherent retry mechanism in lambda functions that are triggered by DynamoDB Streams. AWS may eventually stop retrying if your Lambda function fails several times, depending on your configuration. To guarantee that no data is lost during processing, make sure your Lambda function retries correctly and handles mistakes graciously.

Conclusion#

A misconfiguration in the stream settings, IAM permissions, or event processing in the Lambda code may be the cause if DynamoDB streams are not triggering your Lambda function. You should be able to identify and resolve the issue by following these procedures and debugging the problem with CloudWatch Logs. The most important thing is to make sure your Lambda function has the required rights to read from the DynamoDB stream and handle the event data appropriately, as well as that the stream is enabled and connected to your Lambda function. Enjoy your troubleshooting!